diary F cijkl = Equation 2 + ? x ijkl + ? y ijkl + ? c ( ? x ijkl ) + ? c ( ? y ijkl )

_ijkl and y_ijkl equal 0. x_ijkl indicates local-spouse-hypergamy (migrant spouse is more educated than local spouse), and y_ijkl indicates local-spouse-hypogamy (migrant spouse is less educated than local spouse). Thus, when i equals 0 and j equals 1 (migrant husband and local wife), x_ijkl equals 1 if k > l and 0 otherwise, y_ijkl equals 1 if k < l>

Second, we level ining the likelihood of hukou intermarriage change having for each spouse’s knowledge (Gullickson and you can Torche, 2014), and we further check version during the industry change between them urban centers.

record F cijkl = Picture 2 + ? p = 1 dos ? p you pij + ? q = step one dos ? q w qij + ? c ? p = 1 2 ? p you pij + ? c ? q = step 1 2 ? q w qij

When i equals j (hukou homogamy), both u_pij and w_qij equal 0. u_pij measures the education effects for migrant spouses to form hukou intermarriages, and w_qij measures the education effects for local spouses to form hukou intermarriages. When i equals 0 and j equals 1 (migrant husband and local wife), u_pij equals 1 if k >p and w_qij equals 1 if l > q; when i equals 1 and j equals 0 (local husband and migrant wife), u_pij equals 1 if l > p and w_qij equals 1 if k > q.

Thus, this model estimates separately how migrants’ and locals’ likelihoods of marrying across hukou boundaries change as their educations change. Specifically, ?_p and ?_q capture how the log-odds of hukou intermarriage change for migrants and locals, respectively, when moving up one level of education from either p or q (e.g., from less than high school to high school). Positive values of ? indicate that the odds of hukou intermarriage increase as migrant spouses’ educations increase, and negative values indicate that the odds of hukou intermarriage decrease as migrant spouses’ educations increase. ? provides the same information for local spouses. We expect ? to be positive and S to be negative, and we expect n and ? to be less pronounced in Shanghai than in Shenzhen.

Detailed Results

Descriptive leads to Desk 1 reveal hukou area pairings away from partners because of the town. When you look at the Shanghai, in the 47% off micro-census have been developed anywhere between two migrants; from inside the Shenzhen, one fee was over 70%. From the 38% of marriages with it two local spouses within the Shanghai, whereas 15% out of marriages had a couple of regional spouses into the Shenzhen. Clearly, some body tended to get married inside their hukou standing group in both metropolitan areas. In towns and cities, marriages ranging from a neighbor hood husband and you can a beneficial migrant spouse were far more likely than just marriage ceremonies ranging from a good migrant partner and a location spouse to occur (13% versus. 3% when you look at the Shanghai and eleven% compared to. 4% inside Shenzhen). The fresh new part of hukou area homogamy is comparable throughout the a couple of cities. Yet ,, we need to translate the results which have alerting, just like the show away from migrants differs in these miten peruuttaa kissrussianbeauty-tilauksen one or two metropolitan areas. The relative sized migrants and neighbors creates structural marital solutions for those to look for prospective partners and ultimately ). Log-linear studies lets us have a look at the amount of hukou homogamy, web of one’s compositional consequences, from the managing having limited distributions regarding hukou position.

Desk step one.

We earliest introduce brand new distributions out-of education attainment to have migrant husbands, local husbands, migrant spouses, and you will local spouses from inside the for each and every town, correspondingly, from inside the Shape step 1 . An average of, migrants are faster educated than just natives, despite gender, in Shanghai and you will Shenzhen. One of migrants, the male is most readily useful educated than just feamales in each other Shanghai and you may Shenzhen. Having said that, certainly one of neighbors, the fresh new gender pit during the studies was possibly quick or even corrected: regional guys an average of are only somewhat ideal knowledgeable than the women counterparts in Shenzhen, and you will local women on average much more knowledgeable than simply the male competitors when you look at the Shanghai. Log-linear models manage with the knowledge inequalities anywhere between everyone and you may ranging from neighbors and you can migrants to capture the new relationships between spouses’ studies and you can ranging from academic and you will hukou area assortative mating, websites of one’s marginal withdrawals off spouses’ qualities.